The title updates on the older console editions didn't always necessarily translate 1:1 to the Java edition. Sometimes they would get some things earlier or later. So this could be difficult.
Are you sure you're remembering the PlayStation 3 edition? Looking at the Wiki, only the Xbox 360 version has what were called title updates. The PlayStation 3 isn't versioned like that (they are all version 1.xx). They did appear to be equivalents (TU17 seems equivalent to the PlayStation 3 1.17) but I want to ask because I'm not finding "TUxx" for PlayStation 3 versions. So all of the information I'm going off of is from the title updates for the Xbox 360 version.
Anyway, to begin with, TU17 itself seems to just be some fixes. Going back, TU12 says it was equivalent to version 1.2.3 at its base (but had some later 1.3 and 1.4 things, for example), and going forward, TU19 brought many of the changes that 1.6.x did. So you'd be looking at something between 1.2.5-ish to 1.5.x most likely.
To narrow further, TU15 through TU18 seem to be mostly fixes rather than additions. TU14, the last one before TU17 I'm finding to consist of major changes as opposed to fixes, added many of the 1.3 through 1.5 and earlier things. So, I'd say the latest 1.5.x version as a rough estimate.
There's other things potentially throwing this off, though. I'm not finding anything about the Wither (added in 1.4). Also, TU14 mentions changes to "world generation". I'm not sure what this refers to. The only times world generation changed on Java to a major extent around that time were with beta 1.8 (far earlier than the 1.2.3 equivalent TU12) and release 1.7, which is too late. I'm not finding which TU was equivalent to release 1.7 (TU20 range adds some features from it), but TU31 was equivalent to 1.8, so I'm not sure if there were some early/late mixes throwing this off.
You can narrow it further if you know if the game had some release 1.7 things though (like the "modern" new biomes). For example, even if it lacked some 1.6 stuff, like coal blocks and horses, release 1.7 would be more appropriate despite this in my opinion IF it had things like the new (and still current) world generation and biomes. But that world generation change could be something else (world size or some other minor/structure change?)
Again, someone more familiar with the Xbox 360/PlayStation 3 version would have to chime in. Just by browsing the Wiki, I'm going to say go with the latest 1.5 version and see if it feels appropriate. If the world generation is off and TU17 had the "new" (1.7) biomes and world generation, then go with release 1.7.10. Try those two.
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I have a different discord tag: ss4p#6131