If Optifine doesn't improve things and you are using the correct and most up to date graphics drivers and Java version, there isn't a lot you can do except upgrade some of your hardware. You could allocate more RAM, but the default amount is usually plenty for normal play.
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Allocating more RAM is not recommended and can actually slow down your game. There are some rare cases where if you have 50+ mods allocating more RAM is useful, but for vanilla, even 350MB is more than enough.
Minecraft does NOT require more RAM in most circumstances. In fact, here is proof, courtesy of jcm2606. If anything, FPS actually decreased from 144 with 512 MB to 123 with 4 GB, and actual used memory was about the same in every case (difficult to measure in 1.8 since it allocates memory like there is no tomorrow, though that is NOT the same as actually using more, but does reduce performance). Note also that they used -Xms to allocate all of the memory at once (which shouldn't be done if -Xmx is very high; e.g. if you know that the game typically allocates 512 MB and you use -Xmx2G you might add -Xms512M), with just -Xmx I see an initial memory allocation of 250-350 MB (which is also about the same for 1.6.4 through the latest 1.9 snapshot - all of the features added have not significantly affected memory usage).
Also, 1.8+ requires at least 2 GB allocated to use higher render distances (Optifine lets you bypass this restriction, which often leads to out of memory crashes) but I doubt you want to run on such high settings unless you have a very good computer (CPU and GPU); the example posted by jcm2606 was with 12 chunk render distance (32 chunks loads 6.76 times more chunks, suggesting around 1.3 GB of RAM required, based on an actual memory usage of around 200 MB for typical settings).
I feel like I am missing something major. Or do I have to have a monster of a PC?
There are two things you can do to improve performance with MC.
1. Install Optifine (and tune your graphics settings for optimal performance).
2. Update your graphics drivers.
Link to optifine?
Optifine.
P.S. - Google is your friend
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ModeratorIf Optifine doesn't improve things and you are using the correct and most up to date graphics drivers and Java version, there isn't a lot you can do except upgrade some of your hardware. You could allocate more RAM, but the default amount is usually plenty for normal play.
Want some advice on how to thrive in the Suggestions section? Check this handy list of guidelines and tips for posting your ideas and responding to the ideas of others!
http://www.minecraftforum.net/forums/minecraft-discussion/suggestions/2775557-guidelines-for-the-suggestions-forum
Try allocating more ram to minecraft
you need Java 64 bit to do so
Optifine is working well, i'll play with the settings,
Allocating more RAM is not recommended and can actually slow down your game. There are some rare cases where if you have 50+ mods allocating more RAM is useful, but for vanilla, even 350MB is more than enough.
Minecraft does NOT require more RAM in most circumstances. In fact, here is proof, courtesy of jcm2606. If anything, FPS actually decreased from 144 with 512 MB to 123 with 4 GB, and actual used memory was about the same in every case (difficult to measure in 1.8 since it allocates memory like there is no tomorrow, though that is NOT the same as actually using more, but does reduce performance). Note also that they used -Xms to allocate all of the memory at once (which shouldn't be done if -Xmx is very high; e.g. if you know that the game typically allocates 512 MB and you use -Xmx2G you might add -Xms512M), with just -Xmx I see an initial memory allocation of 250-350 MB (which is also about the same for 1.6.4 through the latest 1.9 snapshot - all of the features added have not significantly affected memory usage).
Also, 1.8+ requires at least 2 GB allocated to use higher render distances (Optifine lets you bypass this restriction, which often leads to out of memory crashes) but I doubt you want to run on such high settings unless you have a very good computer (CPU and GPU); the example posted by jcm2606 was with 12 chunk render distance (32 chunks loads 6.76 times more chunks, suggesting around 1.3 GB of RAM required, based on an actual memory usage of around 200 MB for typical settings).
TheMasterCaver's First World - possibly the most caved-out world in Minecraft history - includes world download.
TheMasterCaver's World - my own version of Minecraft largely based on my views of how the game should have evolved since 1.6.4.
Why do I still play in 1.6.4?