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Malik Shah didn't fall ill and die, and continued to rule the Seljuk Empire. Nasir ad-Din Mahmud I was able to consolidate the entirety of Great Seljuk with the exception of Anatolia, which seceded as the Sultanate of Rum under Kilij Arslan I, and Syria, which seceded as the Sultanate of Damascus under Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan. Mahmud was forced to recognize the independence of Rum, but continued to drive his armies against Damascus. Seljuk influence over Abbasid Mesopotamia and Egypt was also weakened immensely, al-Mutarshid became the first Caliph of the Second Abbasid Caliphate, and won a quick and not very exciting war against the Seljuks, due to their lengthening war against Damascus, as well as the general instability of their eastern provinces.

The instability and weakness of the Seljuks prompted Pope Urban II to call together the First Crusade in 1101 AD. The Crusaders were able to push away the weakened armies of both Damascus and the Seljuks relatively easily and established the Crusader [Outremer] States of Jerusalem, Tripoli, Damascus, Edessa, and Antioch, which would eventually be the unifier of the Holy Land. Nonetheless, the Sultanate of Rum to the north saw the divided Crusader States as an opportunity of their own, and quickly occupied Edessa. Similarly, the revived Abbasid Caliphate conquered Tripoli, isolating Jerusalem and threatening Damascus and Antioch. Unfortunately for Rum and the Abbasids, however, a large portion of the Crusader armies still remained in the Holy Land, primarily in the city of Antioch itself. The veteran soldiers, now conscripted to the cause of charismatic former Crusader-turned Prince of Antioch Bohemond I, were able to repel several attacks from Rum, and managed to 'liberate' Edessa, which in reality was a power play to incorporate Edessa into his own demesne. Bohemond similarly 'liberated' Tripoli from the Abbasid Caliphate after a series of surprising beatdowns by the Antiochenes, and took military control of Damascus for the sake of its protection. By the end of the wars, Antioch had emerged as a rising regional power, much more powerful than Jerusalem to the south. Bohemond was recognized as King of Antioch, and after the assassination of Baldwin I of Jerusalem and the subsequent Levantine civil war, was able to occupy and incorporate the entirety of Jerusalem and its territories. By the time Bohemond I died, he had built the Principality of Antioch into a full-fledged Outremer state, able to hold the Muslims in Rum, Iraq, and Seljuk at bay.

Due to the victories of Antioch against the armies of Abbasid Mesopotamia, and with the subsequent separation of Abbasid Egypt and Mesopotamia, an Arab Egyptian warlord named Ayyub [different from OTL Ayyub :P] was able to liberate the rich lands of Egypt from his hometown of Masr el Adīma [Old Cairo]. The Abbasid Caliphate, separated from Egypt by Jerusalem [and later Antioch] was unable to do anything about it really. The newly formed Ayyubid Caliphate won several wars against the Nubian Kingdoms of Makuria, Nobatia, and Alodia, and incorporated those territories into its own.

Farther north, around the same time period, the weakened, but more stable Seljuk Empire declared a Holy War against the Kingdom of Georgia, who had recently made huge territorial gains to the north. The Sultanate of Rum, hoping to get on the good side of the Seljuks, answered this with a declaration against Georgia of their own. In retaliation, the Roman Empire [Byzantine but I hate the term :P] declared war against both the Seljuks and Rum, partially in support of Georgia, but mainly to kick the Turks in Rum out of Anatolia. The Romans also called upon Antioch to help them in their goal. At the end of the war, the Romans were beaten almost all the way back to the Aegean coast, Antioch's strong army was able to push back Seljuk Rum troops into Cilicia, the Georgians managed to push the Seljuk troops back into Lesser Armenia and Azerbaijan, and the troops from Rum into Greater Armenia and Pontus, and with the focus of the Seljuks on Georgia and the focus of Rum on the Roman Empire and Antioch, the Kingdom of Greater Armenia rose up against their Turkic oppressors in both Seljuk and Rum, and joined the Georgian cause. The war essentially ended with a status quo antebellum for Georgia and Antioch, while the Romans lost a huge amount of Anatolian territory and Rum and the Seljuks lost their Armenian territories with the exception of Cilicia.

The Axumite Empire declared war against the Ayyubid Caliphate, and was answered by the full force of the Caliph's army, as well as the armies and navy of Yemen, to their surprise. Axum was crushed, and the remainder of its Nubian territories was conquered by Egypt, and the entirety of its coastline [Eritrea, Djibouti, and Somaliland OTL] were ceded to Yemen, while the Somali Sultanate of Mogadishu declared its independence from Axum.

Farther east, the Song dynasty won huge victories in Hsinkiang, Mongolia, and Manchuria, crushing the Khamag Mongol, and extended its borders to those of Tibet as well. They consolidated their reign over these territories until the year of 1443, when a new Mongol Confederation rose up against the Song, and won a huge amounts of victories that may in the future spark rebellion in Hsinkiang, Manchuria, Nanyue, and other Song territories.

In Japan, the Hōjō clan was able to usurp the Shōgun that they put into power, Minamoto no Yoritomo, and take control over the entirety of the islands of Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku, while the remnants of the Minamoto clan fled to northern island of Ezochi.

The remnants of the Khamag Mongol fled west to the Turkic Kazakh tribes, and consolidated them into a Confederation of Kazakh Kingdoms. However, once the Mongol leaders died, the Kazakh Confederation was unable to stay together, and quickly dissolved into a huge mess of death and gore. Prince Zair ud-Din of Fergana fled south to the Seljuk western territories. He set up shop in the city of Kabul and declared the independence of the Kingdom of Kabul from the Seljuk Empire. Zair ud-Din was able to capture almost the entirety of the western territories of the Seljuks before suing for peace.

Nothing happened to Korea that is out of the ordinary from OTL. It's based in the city of P'yongyang, and is pretty firmly in the Song sphere.

India is divided into Gujarat, Etawah, Vijayanagar, Orissa, and Bengal, about equally split population-wise between Hinduism, Buddhism, and Islam [introduced by the Seljuks and Abbasids].

After the collapse of the Pagan Kingdom, the Principality of Dagon conquered a variety of petty kingdoms in Burma, eventually conquering the entirety of the former Pagan Kingdom as well as some former Song territory.

The Kingdom of Ayutthaya rose up initially as a breakaway state from the Khmer Empire, and later conquered the entirety of the Khmer Lao territories, as well as a large portion of the Malay Peninsula, the remainder of which belongs to the powerful Sri Vijayan Empire. Meanwhile, the Khmer themselves have been reduced to but a mere shell of their former empire, their territories being conquered by either Ayutthaya or Vietnamese Champa.

Speaking of which, Champa united with the northern Vietnamese state of Nam Viet to form the Kingdoms of Dai Viet.

Further south, the Sri Vijayan Empire, a mercantile thalassocracy takes full advantage of its control over the Malacca Straits. However, its position as the dominant Malay power is being challenged by the Mataram Kingdom, an upstart state based in Djakarta.

Further to the east, in lands no one even cares about, the Rajanate of Butuan maintains a solid and peaceful existence, slowly gaining power and prestige as it conquers its neighboring petty kingdoms.

The Kingdom of Denmark was historically the premier nation of Northern Europe. With its strong naval tradition and control over the Øresund, the Kingdom of Denmark was able to check and neutralize any potential threats on the Baltic Sea. Through a succession of several successful conquests, Denmark acquired Iceland, the Shetland Islands, Pomerania, Øsel and Dagø, mainland Estonia, Courland, Bornholm, Gotland, established the Danelaw over Anglo-Saxon England, and was in the process of conquering the Prussian territories from Poland when disaster struck. Far to the north, in the year 1110, in a small town called Stockholm, a band of Swedish Princes had pledged their allegiances to each other against the Norwegians occupying Svealand and Norrland, as well as the Danish occupying Scania, forming a Swedish Confederation. The Swedes quickly and violently kicked the Kingdom of Norway out from Svealand and Norrland, and after besieging Oslo for weeks, signed a ridiculously one-sided peace. However, after peace came a greater question. The Swedes were not united, and as such there was a multitude of Princes who wanted to the conquered lands for their own. When talks between the Princes failed, there was only one solution.

Violence.

Then, for a single bloody month, civil war raged in Sweden. The Norwegians and the Danish both attempted to attack and neutralize the Swedes when they were weak, but to no avail. After the end of the Red Month, one Swedish Prince emerged victorious: the Prince of Stockholm, Gustav Karlsson II. From the years 1114-1119, Prince Gustav successfully assimilated the entirety of the former lands of the Swedish Confederation, as well as the former Norwegian lands of Svealand and Norrland into his demesne, and began supporting the settlement and conquering of the Karelian lands to the east, most of which were controlled at the time by the Republic of Novgorod. At the time, the Republic of Novgorod was a large, rich, and ridiculously wealthy power centralized in the city of Lord Novgorod the Great. However, its size did not translate directly to its wealth. The northeastern territories of Novgorod were very poor in land, as well as being scarce in both people and resources. The only income to the Great City itself from those territories was the constant but slow supply of valuable furs from the area. The majority of Novgorodian income came from the city of Novgorod itself, a rich trading city that was essentially the financial center of the Eastern European world. Nonetheless, one of the major goals of Prince of Novgorod Mikhael I Rurikovich [1076-1120] was to expand the reach of Novgorod to the west, to the lumber-rich lands of Karelia. He was very successful in this goal, and after the end of his reign, a great majority of the Karelian lands were under the control of Novgorod. Yet the Novgorodian reign over Karelia would not last for long, as even further west, in Stockholm, Gustav Karlsson, now King Gustav I the Strong of the Kingdom of Sweden, was making even more aggressive and daring forays into Karelia. Prince Mikhael was able to hold the Swedes at bay, but one year after his death, in 1121, Gustav saw his opportunity. He promptly declared war on the Republic of Novgorod, which had just elected a new Prince to its head: Prince Aleksandr II Rurikovich. Despite the best efforts of Aleksandr, the fact that he had to consolidate his own hold over the Northeastern territories of Novgorod diverted much of his army from the new territories and Karelia, and after the Swedes rushed through the region extremely quickly, overtaking the vital port of Vyborg and almost reaching the Novgorodian Ingrian heartlands, Prince Aleksandr sued for peace with Stockholm. It turned out to be a devastating peace for the Novgorodians, as in the Treaty of Vyborg in 1125, they lost the entirety of Karelia, as well as the rich port city of Vyborg. Meanwhile, the Swedes, having gained Svealand, Norrland, Karelia, and Vyborg in only a few decades, became an instant regional power. In fact, their rise to power worried the Danes immensely, and only a couple of weeks after King Gustav signed the Treaty of Vyborg, the Danish Crown sent him a letter.

A letter detailing their declaration of war on the Kingdom of Sweden, to be specific.

Naturally, the Danes attempted to recruit Norway in their cause. However, the Norwegians were dealing with their own troubles in Scotland and Ireland, two of the historically least friendly and most restless colonies of Norway. So the proud and steadfast Kingdom of Denmark squared off, alone, against the upstart Kingdom of Sweden. The Danish sent about half of their army through Scania up into Swedish Västergötland, while the remainder was sent as a strike force accompanied the grand Danish navy to preemptively strike the exhausted Swedish army returning from Karelia. It would have worked, except for the fact that the Swedes were nothing near exhausted. Rather, they were reveling in their victory, in a high mood from defeating Great Novgorod. The Danes landed their force near the Swedish Karelian colony of Åbo, just as the Swedish army was approaching the same city. The clash that would occur would be one to be remembered in the North for centuries to come. The Swedes destroyed the strike force, and a brave [and foolish] few even swam out to attack the docked Danish boats. In this way, the Swedish army destroyed one half of the Danish army, and in the same move also got rid of all the idiots in their army. It was one huge victory for the Swedes. From interrogations involving seawater, blood, coals, and helmets, the Swedes discovered the Danish siege in Västergötland and rushed back to Sweden Proper. It was another huge victory for the Swedes near Jönköping in 1130 where, after a few worrying defeats, they managed to push the Danish army back near the lake city. The tiring Swedish army pushed the Danish completely out of Scania to the very tip where, lacking any semblance of a navy, the Swedes were unable to pursue the remnants of the Danish Army now protected by the wooden wall of the Danish Navy. At the time, Danish King Harald II was unwilling to cede any territory to Swedes, and this stalemate continued for a couple more years until 1132, when the German Order in the King’s City, a Germanic group advocating the overthrow of the illegal Danish rule over Pomerania, Courland, and especially Prussia, declared the independence of the Grand Principalities of Pomerania and Prussia, as well as the Duchy of Courland from Denmark. [Reason for Germans in Prussia and Courland is similar to OTL, only much, much earlier, and the German Order instead of the Teutonic Knights] As the Danish army had to respond to these uprisings, leaving the capital of Roskilde open to attack, Harald was forced to sign a peace with Stockholm, marking another huge victory to the Swedes. As it turns out, the Danes were unable to properly respond to the Catholic fervor of the German Order. The order’s Grand Master, Konrad, became the first Grand Prince of Prussia, and his lieutenant Karl became the first Grand Prince of Pomerania. Charismatic mercenary hired by the German Order Adrian von Straubing took command of Courland as its first Duke. The next three centuries involved the Prussian absorption of Pomerania in 1252, the development of a fanatical personality cult around Adrian and his descendant Dukes of the von Straubing line, the loss of all overseas Norwegian territories, and the continued economic growth of Sweden and its Karelian territories. In just a few decades, the Danes’ empire was almost shattered, though their navy remains strong, the Swedes rose as a new regional power, the Novgorodians were weakened, but their grasp over the Lord City is still strong, the Prussians are expanding into Germany Proper, the Courlanders are… OTL North Korea-esque, and the Norwegians are stagnating greatly.

Further to the southeast, past Novgorod are two more Russian nations, the once great Kingdom of Kiev and the Principality of Muscovy. The Kingdom of Kiev is a direct descendant of the power Kievan Rus’ polity that once controlled all of the Russian lands. Now, it is much weaker, with a member of the Rurikovich dynasty of Novgorod on the Kievan throne. Nonetheless, the Kievans maintain a good grasp over much of the great Dnieper River and all of the lush farmlands around the river. As such, Kiev, the Breadbasket of Europe, maintains one of the single highest population densities in the world, and an magnificent army that’s probably the only thing keeping Kiev afloat, both maintained by copious amounts of food straight from Kievan farms. Kiev’s control of the Crimean Peninsula also contributes a decent income to the Kievan crown, though recently, shaky relations with the Romans over recognition of the Bulgarians have caused most trade from Crimea to the Mediterranean to dry up. Overall, Kiev is still a strong nation, though difficulties abound in the area, and it’s been in a state of decline for several decades. Northeastwards of Kiev is the Russian behemoth Muscovy. While its army is smaller than Kiev’s, recent victories against the hordes of the east have granted Muscovy a rich window to the east via Astrakhan, a wealthy and influential port city. In conjunction with the Georgians, the Muscovites defeated several large barbaric tribes in the North Caucasus, granting each nation a copious amount of territory. Farther west is the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, a nation in a pitiful state of ruin. Grand Duke Mindaugas the Great, first Grand Duke of Lithuania, won huge victories against the Courlanders, the Prussians, the Poles, and the Kievans, carving out a huge state from their remains and pushing dangerously close to Riga, Königsberg, Warsaw, and Kiev. However, after Mindaugas’ death in 1263, and the rise of his incompetent successor, Grand Duke Treniota, Lithuania fell apart. Its conquered territories were reclaimed by their former owners. Kiev and Poland both took plenty of Byelorussian lands, Prussia acquired the city of Memel, and poor Courland was not able to make any territorial acquisitions. After that, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, instantly losing its richest territories and its only port city, crashed and burned. Despite the victories of the Poles against Lithuania, as well as their seizure of Silesia from the falling Bohemian Crown, they remained landlocked. King Przemysł II of Poland attempted to rectify that. In the year of 1275, he issued a declaration of war against the Grand Principality of Prussia. What Przemysł failed to realize was that after the acquisition of Pomerania by Prussia, the Grand Principality became a full-fledged member of the Holy Roman Empire. As such, the declaration of war by Poland was reciprocated by recovering Bohemia, the German states of Brandenburg, Austria, and Bavaria, and an opportunistic Kingdom of Hungary. All in all, Poland was screwed. Hard. At the end of the First Polish Curbstomp First Polish War, the Prussians acquired the city of Danzig, connecting Prussia and Pomerania overland, the Hungarians acquired Slovakia, and the Brandenburgers extended their borders past the Oder River by acquiring the westernmost territories of Poland. Bohemia de jure controlled Silesia again, but their general instability allowed the Poles to de facto continue their reign over the region until an upstart Bohemian King Ottokar III declared a premature war against Poland, and the Poles were able to retake Silesia.